In a debate organized by Casa Asia, experts Mario Esteban and Rafael Martín Rodríguez analyzed the challenges and dynamics of contemporary China. In a world where information about the Asian giant is often marked by polarized narratives, the round table “Introduction to Today's China. Where is China going and why we care” sought to offer a nuanced view, debunking myths and shedding light on the country's internal and external challenges.
China has gone through a process of unprecedented transformation, evolving from a former empire to a nation-state with impressive socio-economic development. However, this evolution has not been without challenges. During the roundtable, experts highlighted the growing competitiveness Within Chinese society, the renewed influence of confucianism in the politics of the Communist Party and the complex international relations the country.
One of the most relevant topics was the global perception of China. Mario Esteban, with whom we spoke in this interview, warned against extreme speeches, pointing out that the country It is neither an imminent threat nor an infallible model. “China is not going to take over the world, nor is it facing an imminent collapse,” he said, highlighting the importance of a more balanced analysis. Along these lines, Rafael Martín Rodríguez stressed the country's ability to adapt, although he also warned about internal challenges, such as population aging and extreme social pressure.
The debate also touched on the relationship between China and Russia in the context of the war in Ukraine. While both countries have strengthened their economic cooperation, Esteban explained that Their alliance is not comparable to that of NATO countries"China is taking a calculated stance: it does not want to alienate the West, but it does not want to completely turn its back on Russia," he said.
Another key point was China's pragmatism in foreign policy and its long-term planning. Unlike Western democracies, where changes in government can alter strategies every few years, China operates with development plans spanning decadesThis stability has been crucial in sectors such as technology and energy.
The event concluded with a call to understand China from an informed and critical perspective, moving away from prejudices or simplifications. As Esteban emphasized: “Understanding China is key to understanding the 21st century XXI".
